«The Immaculate Ideal»
Sandro Botticelli — «The Birth of Venus, ” c. 1484–1486, Uffizi, Florence
Giorgione (and Titian) — «Sleeping Venus, ” c. 1510, Alte Meister Gallery, Dresden
Raphael — «The Lady with the Unicorn,» c. 1506, Borghese Gallery, Rome
Titian — «Venus of Urbino, ” 1538, Uffizi, Florence
Tintoretto — «Susanna and the Elders, ” c. 1555, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
Ugliness as Power
Pieter Bruegel the Elder — «The Triumph of Death,» 1559, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
Quentin Massys — «The Ugly Duchess, ” c. 1513, National Gallery, London
Lucas Cranach the Elder — «Unequal Couple, ” c. 1520s, Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest
Dirk van Baburen — «The Sconce», 1622, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Ugliness as sin
Albrecht Dürer — «Witch Riding a Goat Upside Down,» 1500, pen and ink, Graphics Cabinet, Berlin
Hans Baldung Grien — «Witches, ” 1510, chiaroscuro woodcut
Pieter Bruegel the Elder — «Greta’s Dance, ” circa 1562–1563, Mayer van den Bergh Museum, Antwerp
Goya — «Witches' Sabbath, ” 1797–1798, Prado
Goya — «The Flight of the Witches, ” 1797–1798, Prado
Ugliness as Spectacle
Johann Kaspar Lavater — Illustrations of «Physiognomic Fragments,» 1775–1778
